tienssss

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<div><div><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Greetings! Welcome to the results announcement of the HackerNoon <a href="https://hackernoon.com/the-bitcoin-mining-writing-contest-by-gomining?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Bitcoin Mining Writing Contest</a> in partnership with GoMining. The contest was held from January 1st to Jan 31st on the topics of &nbsp;<a href="https://hackernoon.com/tagged/bitcoin-mining?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">#bitcoin-mining</a>&nbsp;- unraveling its history, dissecting its mechanics, and forecasting its future! We thank you all for participating in the contest and making it a success. We appreciate your participation!!!</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><span><div class="sc-a6c0bd8c-1 ijZWBT image-container undefined"><button class="sc-a6c0bd8c-0 khzBNC download-button"><a download="image.webp" href="https://hackernoon.imgix.net/images/htFSSAp4chhkeyS1S6QLnMQB4v22-bl9328x.gif.webp" title="Download image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 22" width="22" fill="black"><path fill="black" d="M18 10v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-2v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v-1H6v-1H5v-1H4v-1h4V1h1V0h4v1h1v9h4z"></path><path fill="black" d="M21 15v-1h-6v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-2v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v-1H1v1H0v6h1v1h20v-1h1v-6h-1Zm-2 4h-1v-1h1v1Zm-3-1h1v1h-1v-1Z"></path></svg></a></button><div data-rmiz-wrap="visible"><div style="position: relative;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; max-width: 100%;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27480%27%20height=%27480%27/%3e" style="display: block; max-width: 100%; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span><img alt="image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="image" style="position: absolute; inset: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: none; margin: auto; display: block; width: 0px; height: 0px; min-width: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; max-height: 100%; object-fit: contain; background-size: contain; background-position: 0% 0%; filter: blur(20px); background-image: url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;base64,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&quot;);"><noscript></noscript></span></div><button aria-label="Zoom image" data-rmiz-btn-open="true"></button></div></div></span></p><h2 id="h-the-bitcoin-mining-writing-contest-finalists">The Bitcoin Mining Writing Contest: Finalists</h2>
<ol>
<li><a href="https://hackernoon.com/the-terraforming-of-bitcoin-a-speculation-on-viable-planetarity?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">The Terraforming of Bitcoin: A Speculation on Viable Planetarity</a> by <a href="https://hackernoon.com/u/espectaculativo?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">@espectaculativo</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://hackernoon.com/hash-rate-analysis-projections-why-bitcoin-should-embrace-quantum-information-science?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Hash Rate Analysis Projections: Why Bitcoin Should Embrace Quantum Information Science</a> by <a href="https://hackernoon.com/u/maken8?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">@maken8</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://hackernoon.com/is-it-the-end-of-btc-mining?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Is It the End of BTC Mining?</a> by <a href="https://hackernoon.com/u/induction?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">@induction</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://hackernoon.com/much-ado-about-bitcoin-halving?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Much Ado About Bitcoin Halving</a> by <a href="https://hackernoon.com/u/juxtathinka?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">@juxtathinka</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://hackernoon.com/21m-bitcoins21-quadrillion-satoshis?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">21M Bitcoins/2.1 Quadrillion Satoshis</a> by <a href="https://hackernoon.com/u/maken8?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">@maken8</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://hackernoon.com/bitcoin-mining-the-past-the-present-and-whats-next?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Bitcoin Mining: The Past, The Present, and What’s Next?</a> by <a href="https://hackernoon.com/u/emmanuelaj?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">@emmanuelaj</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://hackernoon.com/craig-wright-and-the-bitcoin-supercomputer-fraud?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Craig Wright And The Bitcoin Supercomputer Fraud</a> by <a href="https://hackernoon.com/u/mylegacykit?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">@mylegacykit</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://hackernoon.com/is-bitcoin-mining-dead-gomining-and-nfts-say-not-so-fast?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Is Bitcoin Mining Dead? GoMining and NFTs Say "Not So Fast!"</a> by <a href="https://hackernoon.com/u/normbond?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">@normbond</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://hackernoon.com/no-power-grid-this-african-village-mines-bitcoin-for-electricity?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">No Power Grid? This African Village Mines Bitcoin for Electricity</a> by <a href="https://hackernoon.com/u/antagonist?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">@antagonist</a>.</li>
</ol>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h2 id="h-🏆-and-the-winner-of-the-bitcoin-mining-writing-contest-is">🏆 …and the winner of the Bitcoin Mining Writing Contest is:</h2>
<p><div class="sc-56d3a1c3-0 evTXYi"><p class="line-space"><br></p><div class="embed-hn-story"><div class="card-image-container"><img src="https://hackernoon.imgix.net/images/EHUYZRLLAUbgArGtd43kEIxTOTS2-ku839mh.jpeg?mark-pad=0&amp;mark=http://hackernoon.imgix.net/HackerNoon%20Rounded%20Horizontal.png?w=400" alt="article preview"></div><div class="card-info"><span class="provider">HACKERNOON</span><h3 class="title">Hash Rate Analysis Projections: Why Bitcoin Should Embrace Quantum Information Science | HackerNoon</h3><span class="desc">Bitcoin should fund quantum information science because a quantum bitcoin miner is much more efficient than a classical bitcoin miner.</span></div></div></div></p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Well-deserved, <a href="https://hackernoon.com/u/maken8?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">@maken8</a>! You have won $1000!</p><h2 id="h-here-are-the-next-steps-to-claim-your-prize">Here are the next steps to claim your prize:</h2>
<ul>
<li>Please contact yes-reply@hackernoon.com and sidra@hackernoon.com using the email ID attached to the winner's HackerNoon account.</li>
<li>We will validate your claim and share a form requesting your bank details for reward distribution.</li>
<li>You will receive your winnings in 2-4 weeks after filling out the form.</li>
</ul>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><span class="highlight">Please note that you must contact us within 60 days after the winners’ announcement date.</span></p><h3 id="h-message-from-sponsor">Message from Sponsor</h3>
<p>GoMining is happy to sponsor the Bitcoin Mining Writing Contest in partnership with HackerNoon. GoMining is a global bitcoin mining company operating nine data centers across the globe. Mine BTC with GoMining NFTs, backed by real computing power, and unlock daily rewards.&nbsp;<a href="https://gmt.io/?utm_source=hackernoon&amp;utm_medium=inhouse-PR&amp;utm_campaign=bitcoinmining&amp;ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Start your free trial period today</a>.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><div class="notice notice-info">
<p>The HackerNoon writing contests primarily aim to celebrate quality content and recruit educational stories for our community. We congratulate all the finalists. However, the Editorial team can ban a writer and/or disqualify a story if we find any misconduct like plagiarism, use of AI, copyright infringement, or disinformation.</p>
</div>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><blockquote>
<p><em>Visit&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contests.hackernoon.com/?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">contests.hackernoon.com</a>&nbsp;to learn more about running and upcoming contests.</em></p>
<p><em>P.S. We have new contests for you with $10,000 in prizes!</em></p>
</blockquote>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p></div><div style="visibility:hidden" class="sc-1e366be2-7 kZfKay"><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M16 9h1v2h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1H9v1H8v1H7v1H6v1H0v-6h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1V9h1V8h1V7h1V6h1V5h2v1h1v1h1v1h1v1zM22 4v2h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1V8h-1V7h-1V6h-1V5h-1V4h-1V3h1V2h1V1h1V0h2v1h1v1h1v1h1v1h1z"></path></svg></button><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 3v2h-1v2h-1v1h-5V7h-2v1h-1v1H9v4h1v1h1v1h2v-1h5v1h1v2h1v2h-1v2h-1v1h-5v-1h-1v-2h-1v-2h-1v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v1H2v-1H1v-2H0v-2h1V8h1V7h5v1h1V7h1V6h1V5h1V3h1V1h1V0h5v1h1v2h1z"></path></svg></button><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M14 19v2h-1v1H1v-1H0V5h1V4h3v15h10z"></path><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 6v11h-1v1H6v-1H5V1h1V0h8v6h6z"></path><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 4v1h-5V0h1v1h1v1h1v1h1v1h1z"></path></svg></button><a style="margin-left:15px;color:white" href="#commentSection"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 19" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M21 6V4h-1V3h-1V2h-2V1h-3V0H8v1H5v1H3v1H2v1H1v2H0v6h1v2h1v2H1v1H0v2h5v-1h1v-1h2v1h6v-1h3v-1h2v-1h1v-1h1v-2h1V6h-1ZM6 13h1v-1h1v-2H6V5h4v8H9v1H6v-1Zm6 0h1v-1h1v-2h-2V5h4v8h-1v1h-3v-1Z"></path></svg></a><button style="margin-right:10px"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 2v12h-1v1h-2v1h-6v-1H4v1H3v4H1V3H0V1h1V0h2v1h1v2H3v1h1V3h7v1h6V3h2V2h1z"></path></svg></button><div class="sc-1e366be2-8 cbbaIe"></div></div></div>

Welcome to the Bitcoin Mining Writing Contest Winner Announcement by GoMining and HackerNoon.

The Bitcoin Mining Writing Contest by GoMining: Results Announced!

In this article, we will conclude reviewing how logging concerns and code can be separated and decoupled from infrastructure and business code.

A Deeper Dive Into Log Enrichment

The destructive potential of generative AI has big tech banding together to better help voters against AI-generated video, audio, or text during elections.

Big Tech Wants to Prevent Election Fraud

<div><div><p>Phishing is perhaps the most persistent cybersecurity threat, and it’s only getting worse. As long as people are people, they’ll make mistakes, so targeting human weaknesses is a surefire strategy for any cybercriminal. While that hasn’t changed over the years, new technology has led to a far more sinister version of these threats — deepfake phishing.</p>
<h2 id="h-what-is-deepfake-phishing"><strong>What Is Deepfake Phishing?</strong></h2>
<p>Deepfakes use deep learning algorithms to generate fake content that looks remarkably like the real thing. Falsified videos of a public figure doing or saying something they never said or did are common examples. Deepfake phishing uses this AI-generated content to craft more believable phishing attempts.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>In one instance, the CEO of an energy enterprise <underline><a href="https://hackernoon.com/the-dangers-of-deepfake-technology-exploring-the-potential-risks-of-ai-generated-videos-and-images?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">sent €220,000 to a supplier</a></underline> after getting a call from the parent company’s leader requesting the exchange. However, the real boss never ordered this transfer, and the “supplier” was a cybercriminal’s account. It turns out the call was a deepfake of the real leader’s voice.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>These attacks are dangerous because deepfakes are difficult to distinguish from reality. They may also lack telltale signs of phishing — like spelling errors or suspicious links — because they come in the form of audio or video content. As AI improves, they’ll only become more convincing, too.</p><h2 id="h-the-rise-of-deepfake-phishing">The Rise of Deepfake Phishing</h2>
<p>Deepfake phishing isn’t just dangerous — it’s growing at an alarming rate. According to one report, <underline><a href="https://onfido.com/landing/identity-fraud-report/?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">deepfake fraud attempts rose by 3,000%</a></underline> in 2023. The same research also found cybercriminals are using deepfake videos and pictures to get past biometric security, which can lead to account compromise attacks.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>This spike in deepfake phishing likely stems from deep learning models becoming more accessible. These advanced AI algorithms used to require high-level data science experience or a large budget. Now, plenty of free or low-cost advanced AI models are available that require little to no coding knowledge to use.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>This same trend will likely increase deepfake phishing attempts in the future. Generative AI is more accessible than ever. While this has many positive implications, it also means it’s becoming increasingly easy for cybercriminals to craft convincing AI-generated fake content.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Email phishing costs U.S. businesses <underline><a href="https://www.opswat.com/blog/email-security-best-practices?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">an average of $4.91 million</a></underline>, even without prevalent deepfake threats. It’s only a matter of time before more criminals apply deepfakes to this lucrative and relatively easy attack vector.</p><h2 id="h-how-to-protect-against-deepfake-phishing">How to Protect Against Deepfake Phishing</h2>
<p>While deepfake phishing is threatening, organizations can protect against it. The following steps will help businesses and their employees stay safe from these growing threats.</p>
<h3 id="h-secure-account-access">Secure Account Access</h3>
<p>First, enterprises need to secure access to all internal accounts. Deepfake phishing is most effective when it comes from a real, trusted, but compromised account. Consequently, making it harder to break into them will undermine these attacks.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is essential — and the kind of MFA people use matters, too. Security experts have warned deepfakes <underline><a href="https://transmitsecurity.com/blog/how-fraudsters-leverage-ai-and-deepfakes-for-identity-fraud?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">can fool facial and voice recognition</a></underline> tools, so biometrics isn’t the most secure option. App-based one-time codes and hardware keys are safer MFA options in light of deepfake threats.</p><h3 id="h-train-employees">Train Employees</h3>
<p>As with regular phishing, employee training is also crucial. While deepfakes can be hard to spot, there are some common tells. Visual errors like juddering or blurring are common with deepfakes, as are strange audio cues like distorted voices. Teaching employees these signs and warning them of deepfake phishing will make them less likely to fall for it.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Even with this training, people won’t be able to spot deepfakes with 100% accuracy. Consequently, it’s also important to stress that everyone should err on the side of caution. As a rule of thumb, if something seems suspicious or even just a little off, verify it before trusting it.</p><h3 id="h-fight-ai-with-ai">Fight AI with AI</h3>
<p>As deepfake phishing becomes more popular, fighting fire with fire — or AI with AI, more accurately — will become more important. The same technology that makes deepfakes possible can help spot them, and several detection models are already available. Alternatively, businesses with extensive AI experience could build their own.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Detection models can outperform humans in spotting deepfakes, but <underline><a href="https://hackernoon.com/not-all-deepfake-detectors-are-created-equal?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">no detectors are 100% accurate</a></underline> yet. Cybercriminals will develop new ways to get around them as methods improve, too. Consequently, while AI protections are helpful, organizations shouldn’t rely on them.</p><h3 id="h-impose-failsafes">Impose Failsafes</h3>
<p>Because no human or AI model can spot deepfakes all the time, businesses need second and third lines of defense. Most importantly, workflow or technical stops should prevent one mistake from jeopardizing the organization’s security. Requiring multiple authorization steps for large financial transfers is a great example.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Granting someone access to sensitive data or sending a large enough amount of money should require multiple people or authentication measures. These stops may hinder efficiency, but they give employees time to think about their actions. Involving more people and systems will also improve the company’s chances of spotting a deepfake attack.</p><h3 id="h-monitor-evolving-threats">Monitor Evolving Threats</h3>
<p>Finally, brands and security experts should stay on top of deepfake and cybercrime trends. Cybercrime evolves constantly, and AI advances faster than many other technologies, so it’s easy for some defenses or best security practices to become outdated.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>New generative AI tools <underline><a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/mckinsey-explainers/whats-the-future-of-generative-ai-an-early-view-in-15-charts?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">emerge several times a month</a>,</underline> and some of these updates may make threats more dangerous. Alternatively, some updates may provide a more effective means of stopping deepfake phishing. Both changes are equally important to recognize. Frequent reviews of current trends and audits of internal security processes will help businesses stay on top of these shifts.</p><h2 id="h-cybersecurity-practices-must-evolve-amid-new-threats">Cybersecurity Practices Must Evolve Amid New Threats</h2>
<p>Phishing may not be anything new, but new technologies like deepfakes add a dangerous dimension. As exciting as AI is, it’s also important to recognize how cybercriminals can take advantage of the same tools corporations do. Failing to evolve cybersecurity practices alongside new technology could leave organizations vulnerable before they realize it.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Awareness and training remain essential steps in preventing phishing attacks. When employees know they should look out for deepfakes, they’ll be less likely to fall for them. Emphasizing this human element while frequently adjusting technical defenses will keep companies safe despite these advancing threats.</p></div><div style="visibility:hidden" class="sc-1e366be2-7 kZfKay"><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M16 9h1v2h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1H9v1H8v1H7v1H6v1H0v-6h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1V9h1V8h1V7h1V6h1V5h2v1h1v1h1v1h1v1zM22 4v2h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1V8h-1V7h-1V6h-1V5h-1V4h-1V3h1V2h1V1h1V0h2v1h1v1h1v1h1v1h1z"></path></svg></button><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 3v2h-1v2h-1v1h-5V7h-2v1h-1v1H9v4h1v1h1v1h2v-1h5v1h1v2h1v2h-1v2h-1v1h-5v-1h-1v-2h-1v-2h-1v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v1H2v-1H1v-2H0v-2h1V8h1V7h5v1h1V7h1V6h1V5h1V3h1V1h1V0h5v1h1v2h1z"></path></svg></button><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M14 19v2h-1v1H1v-1H0V5h1V4h3v15h10z"></path><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 6v11h-1v1H6v-1H5V1h1V0h8v6h6z"></path><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 4v1h-5V0h1v1h1v1h1v1h1v1h1z"></path></svg></button><a style="margin-left:15px;color:white" href="#commentSection"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 19" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M21 6V4h-1V3h-1V2h-2V1h-3V0H8v1H5v1H3v1H2v1H1v2H0v6h1v2h1v2H1v1H0v2h5v-1h1v-1h2v1h6v-1h3v-1h2v-1h1v-1h1v-2h1V6h-1ZM6 13h1v-1h1v-2H6V5h4v8H9v1H6v-1Zm6 0h1v-1h1v-2h-2V5h4v8h-1v1h-3v-1Z"></path></svg></a><button style="margin-right:10px"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 2v12h-1v1h-2v1h-6v-1H4v1H3v4H1V3H0V1h1V0h2v1h1v2H3v1h1V3h7v1h6V3h2V2h1z"></path></svg></button><div class="sc-1e366be2-8 cbbaIe"></div></div></div>

Deepfake phishing attempts are growing at an alarming rate, with no sign of slowing down. Here's how you can defend against deepfake phishing attacks.

Deepfake Phishing Grew by 3,000% in 2023 — And It's Just Beginning

Let’s try to make sense of the extent of the generative AI frenzy that had been a leading driver for growth throughout the S&P 500 in 2023. 

Assessing the 3 Best Generative AI Stocks to Compete with Nvidia in 2024

<div><div><div class="notice notice-info">
<p><strong>Authors:</strong></p>
<p>(1) Eugene Y. S. Chua, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology;</p>
<p>(2) Eddy Keming Chen, ‡Department of Philosophy, University of California.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="h-table-of-links">Table of Links</h2>
<p><a href="https://hackernoon.com/preview/J5HAsidnn7iM6jo8yw9P?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Abstract &amp; Introduction</a></p>
<p><a href="http://hackernoon.com/preview/qPkrRD5JkJ38mc1X9ael?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Decoherence and Branching</a></p>
<p><a href="https://hackernoon.com/preview/bXEFM2xWN81jAq5Ij5wJ?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">The Born Rule</a></p>
<p><a href="https://hackernoon.com/preview/QSsEC9THpG87ZdAFKtMA?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Discussion</a></p>
<p><a href="https://hackernoon.com/preview/W5pDUQkKrNM8YMSDOr4f?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Conclusion and References</a></p>
<h2 id="h-4-discussion">4 Discussion</h2>
<p>In the previous sections, we’ve generalized the standard defenses for the Born rule to DMRE. In addition to answering a technical question that has been neglected in the literature, we take our results to have several conceptual implications.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>First, in order to set up the stage for the generalized arguments, we were required to contemplate, without presupposing a universal pure state, the ontological structure of the Everettian multiverse. For EQM to allow both WFR and DMR, the story about decoherence and branching should apply to both without prejudice. As we’ve seen, that is indeed the case. This leads us to see that the essence of the Everettian story about the emergence of a branching multiverse is not a universal wave function that gives rise to many branches represented by wave functions, but a universal density matrix (which can be pure or mixed) that gives rise to many branches represented by density matrices. According to the perspective of DMRE, a pure-state multiverse is a very special case.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Second, with DMRE, Everettians can explore new theoretical possibilities of DMR. For example, we can consider a unified treatment of ‘classical’ and ‘quantum’ probabilities in EQM. In WFRE, there are two sources of probabilities: the quantum probability of finding ourselves in a particular branch (or betting preferences in the decisiontheoretic framework), associated with the weight of the branch in the multiverse, and the classical probability of the particular multiverse, associated with a density matrix representing our ignorance of the underlying universal pure state. Their justifications are very different. The latter is not understood in terms of self-locating uncertainties or betting preferences. Instead, it may have a statistical mechanical origin, corresponding to a probability distribution over initial universal quantum states, the so-called Statistical Postulate (Albert 2000). In DMRE, however, the two can be reduced to a single notion of probability, that of finding ourselves in a particular branch (or betting preferences given the actual quantum state), albeit in a more expansive multiverse. Whichever ρ is used by defenders of WFRE to represent their ignorance of the fundamental pure state of the multiverse, defenders of DMRE can regard that ρ as the fundamental mixed state. Insofar as classical and quantum probabilities in EQM can be reduced to a single source, they also can be justified in the same way.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>A theory on which we can apply this strategy is the Everettian Wentaculus (Chen 2021, Chen 2022c). This version of DMRE proposes a simple and unique choice of the initial density matrix of the multiverse (as a version of the Past Hypothesis) and regards it as the only nomological possibility. As a matter of physical laws, the history of the Everettian multiverse could not have been different. There is no longer a choice of the fundamental density matrix, beyond the choice of the physical law, because the actual one is nomologically necessary. It is an instance of “strong determinism.” Both classical (statistical mechanical) and quantum probabilities can be understood as branch weights of the Everettian Wentaculus multiverse, represented by a mixed-state density matrix. With the possibility of a unified treatment of probabilities (among other things), the generalization from WFRE to DMRE is theoretically attractive. [5]</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Finally, we’ve derived the Born rule in DMRE in essentially the same ways as in WFRE, by appealing to the same epistemic principles (separability, symmetry, decision theoretic axioms) and metaphysical foundations (decoherence and branching). The two theories are empirically equivalent, not just in a mathematical sense, but also conceptually. They give us the same empirical predictions, not just in terms of equal probabilities of measurement outcomes, but also the same kind of probabilities (selflocating uncertainties or betting preferences). We suggest that Everettians, by their own lights, should regard DMRE as a genuine rival to WFRE. Everettians, then, face the question which version of EQM they should accept. What can be the grounds for deciding? It cannot be settled by experiments because of the empirical equivalence. It cannot be based on the insistence that the universal quantum state must be pure, because that would beg the question. It cannot be based on the incompleteness of justifications for DMRE, for the solutions to the ontology problem and the probability problem in WFRE readily extend to DMRE. [6]</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><hr>
<p>[5] Two remarks here: (1) Saunders (2021) has proposed that we can understand quantum probabilities in terms of “branch-counting.” His considerations are analogous to the counting arguments of Boltzmann in the foundations of statistical mechanics. When applied to the Everettian Wentaculus, Saunders’s proposal, if correct, would allow us to justify both classical and quantum probabilities by counting branches in a natural way. (2) For more discussions about the elimination of classical probability in the Wentaculus theories and other theoretical advantages, see Chen (2021, 2020). For two other proposals of eliminating the Statistical Postulate, see Albert (2000, §7) and Wallace (2012, §9).</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>[6] This adds an interesting wrinkle to the debate about scientific realism and the issues raised by Wallace (2022). Even if Wallace is right that EQM is the only way to make sense of why sky is blue, there is a further question about which version of EQM is correct. Quantum mechanics still leads to in-principle empirical underdetermination.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><div class="notice notice-info">
<p>This paper is <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.13218.pdf?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">available on arxiv</a> under CC 4.0 license.</p>
</div>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p></div><div style="visibility:hidden" class="sc-1e366be2-7 kZfKay"><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M16 9h1v2h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1H9v1H8v1H7v1H6v1H0v-6h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1V9h1V8h1V7h1V6h1V5h2v1h1v1h1v1h1v1zM22 4v2h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1V8h-1V7h-1V6h-1V5h-1V4h-1V3h1V2h1V1h1V0h2v1h1v1h1v1h1v1h1z"></path></svg></button><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 3v2h-1v2h-1v1h-5V7h-2v1h-1v1H9v4h1v1h1v1h2v-1h5v1h1v2h1v2h-1v2h-1v1h-5v-1h-1v-2h-1v-2h-1v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v1H2v-1H1v-2H0v-2h1V8h1V7h5v1h1V7h1V6h1V5h1V3h1V1h1V0h5v1h1v2h1z"></path></svg></button><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M14 19v2h-1v1H1v-1H0V5h1V4h3v15h10z"></path><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 6v11h-1v1H6v-1H5V1h1V0h8v6h6z"></path><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 4v1h-5V0h1v1h1v1h1v1h1v1h1z"></path></svg></button><a style="margin-left:15px;color:white" href="#commentSection"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 19" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M21 6V4h-1V3h-1V2h-2V1h-3V0H8v1H5v1H3v1H2v1H1v2H0v6h1v2h1v2H1v1H0v2h5v-1h1v-1h2v1h6v-1h3v-1h2v-1h1v-1h1v-2h1V6h-1ZM6 13h1v-1h1v-2H6V5h4v8H9v1H6v-1Zm6 0h1v-1h1v-2h-2V5h4v8h-1v1h-3v-1Z"></path></svg></a><button style="margin-right:10px"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 2v12h-1v1h-2v1h-6v-1H4v1H3v4H1V3H0V1h1V0h2v1h1v2H3v1h1V3h7v1h6V3h2V2h1z"></path></svg></button><div class="sc-1e366be2-8 cbbaIe"></div></div></div>

Explore the debates surrounding scientific realism and the empirical equivalence between different interpretations.

Wave Function Realism vs. Density Matrix Realism in Everettian Quantum Mechanics

Senator Wyden reveals the NSA's purchase of Americans' browsing data, raising concerns over privacy rights. A bombshell news with no sensationalism. 

NSA Finally Admits The Purchase Of Americans’ Sensitive Data

This post explores how Generative AI can be used to enhance image filenames, making them more descriptive, accurate, and consistent.

How to Use Generative AI as Your Content Assistant

<div><div><div class="notice notice-info">
<p>Heyo, Hacker! This writing prompt is designed by the HackerNoon editorial team and our friends at Āut Labs, with themes and ideas for you to enter the Opt Out Writing contest. See the contest announcement <a href="https://www.contests.hackernoon.com/opt-out-writing-contest?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">here</a>. Learn how to enter the contest <a href="https://www.contests.hackernoon.com/how-to-enter-opt-out-writing-contest?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">here</a>.</p>
</div>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>How do you define autonomy? How much do you care for it?</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Why is it important, or why should we give it importance?</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>How can we achieve it on the web?</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Does true decentralization really exist? Is there a way to eliminate central control without hurting trust and accountability?</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>If these questions matter to you, your contribution matters to us. Prizes from $9,000 (in USDT)  will be given to the top autonomy stories on HackerNoon!</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Here are a few suggestions by the team of Aut Labs for you to follow:</p><h2 id="h-autonomy-in-decentralized-systems-collectives-and-da-os"><strong>Autonomy in Decentralized Systems, Collectives and DAOs</strong>:</h2>
<p>Explore the critical role of autonomy in decentralized systems like DAOs. Consider focusing on how Āut’s mission and products (i.e.: <a href="https://docs.aut.id/v2/protocols-and-contracts/overview?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Nova, ĀutID, ĀutOS</a>, …) enhance this. You can tell us about Roman’s <em>triumvirates</em>, Greek’s <em>poleis</em>, French <em>communes -</em> or some role-based, [dys/u]topian society that is yet to come.</p>
<h2 id="h-autonomy-in-art-technology-and-activism"><strong>Autonomy in Art, Technology, and Activism</strong>:</h2>
<p>Remember the “<em>hacker labs</em>” in the Berlin of the 90ies? We love that vibe. Consider the intersection of autonomy in art, technology, and activist reforms - highlighting innovative approaches based on autonomy of one or multiple parties. As well as how these parties can play together to take down a censoring, centralized, self-absorbed Moloch.</p>
<h2 id="h-autonomy-in-the-workplace"><strong>Autonomy in the Workplace</strong>:</h2>
<p>ell us a story on how a “<em>workplace of the future</em>” may look like. Are we aiming towards a dystopian, whole-state surveillance, or towards the highest level of individual autonomy and collective productivity that humankind has ever seen? Anything worse? Anything in between? Reshape the future workplace and work culture, especially imagining a world where decentralized organizations actually made it.</p>
<h2 id="h-role-specific-autonomy"><strong>Role-specific Autonomy</strong>:</h2>
<p><em>50 shades of Autonomy</em>. Is <em>autonomy</em> different for DeFi degens vs. artists &amp; writers vs. political scientists &amp; philosophers vs. governance vs. devs &amp; mathematicians? Feel free to tackle them all at once, tell us a story about one of them - or create a role-based governance model that is going to take the future generations by storm.</p>
<h2 id="h-collective-autonomy"><strong>Collective Autonomy</strong>:</h2>
<p>Square and simple. What is <em>Collective Autonomy</em>, isn't it a paradox in terms, and what does that even mean? Yeah, all that jazz. You can take a mathematical angle, invent new game-theorical rules of the game, or just make up a story that even for a second lets us suspend our disbelief.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><a href="https://app.hackernoon.com/new?template=optout-writing-contest-theme1&amp;ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Use this template to start writing your story!</a></p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>All the best, hacktivist!</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p></div><div style="visibility:hidden" class="sc-1e366be2-7 kZfKay"><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M16 9h1v2h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1H9v1H8v1H7v1H6v1H0v-6h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1V9h1V8h1V7h1V6h1V5h2v1h1v1h1v1h1v1zM22 4v2h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1V8h-1V7h-1V6h-1V5h-1V4h-1V3h1V2h1V1h1V0h2v1h1v1h1v1h1v1h1z"></path></svg></button><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 3v2h-1v2h-1v1h-5V7h-2v1h-1v1H9v4h1v1h1v1h2v-1h5v1h1v2h1v2h-1v2h-1v1h-5v-1h-1v-2h-1v-2h-1v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v1H2v-1H1v-2H0v-2h1V8h1V7h5v1h1V7h1V6h1V5h1V3h1V1h1V0h5v1h1v2h1z"></path></svg></button><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M14 19v2h-1v1H1v-1H0V5h1V4h3v15h10z"></path><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 6v11h-1v1H6v-1H5V1h1V0h8v6h6z"></path><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 4v1h-5V0h1v1h1v1h1v1h1v1h1z"></path></svg></button><a style="margin-left:15px;color:white" href="#commentSection"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 19" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M21 6V4h-1V3h-1V2h-2V1h-3V0H8v1H5v1H3v1H2v1H1v2H0v6h1v2h1v2H1v1H0v2h5v-1h1v-1h2v1h6v-1h3v-1h2v-1h1v-1h1v-2h1V6h-1ZM6 13h1v-1h1v-2H6V5h4v8H9v1H6v-1Zm6 0h1v-1h1v-2h-2V5h4v8h-1v1h-3v-1Z"></path></svg></a><button style="margin-right:10px"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 2v12h-1v1h-2v1h-6v-1H4v1H3v4H1V3H0V1h1V0h2v1h1v2H3v1h1V3h7v1h6V3h2V2h1z"></path></svg></button><div class="sc-1e366be2-8 cbbaIe"></div></div><div class="markdown-editor" style="margin: 45px 0px 0px;"><hr><p><a href="https://www.contests.hackernoon.com/opt-out-writing-contest?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">The Opt Out Writing Contest</a> is sponsored by Āut - a collective building decentralized standards for self-sovereign Identity (SSID, IAM), Reputation and Communities (DAOs, Hacktivists, Network States, etc.). A laboratory of experimentation, pushing the boundaries imposed by the status quo. Our protocols are designed to implement autonomy and personal freedom at a systemic level - in an effort to accelerate the transition from hierarchical power structures, to self-organizing forms of coordination. <a href="https://aut.id/?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Opt out of the system that doesn’t represent you!</a></p></div></div>

Write on Autonomy; Win from $9,000!

This Slogging thread by Mónica Freitas, Nicole Scott (Nicole Scott), John T., Valentine Enedah, David Smooke, Asher Umerie, Adrian Morales, Simon Morgan, Sidra and Jose Hernandez occurred in slogging's official #amas channel, and has been edited for readability.

Investigating Internet Freedom & Digital Democracy with Nicole Scott and Simon Morgan

<div><div><p>Since the start of 2024; the Post Office Horizon IT Scandal has reached a new level of public interest in the UK. In the scandal, faulty accounting software has been blamed for multiple suicides and what has been described as “the most widespread miscarriage of justice in UK history”, with those wrongly imprisoned including a pregnant woman.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Since late last year, I have worked on addressing this scandal from multiple fronts. For example; in November 2023 research I led found that <a href="https://www.engprax.com/post/75-of-software-engineers-faced-retaliation-last-time-they-report-wrongdoing?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">75% of software engineers in the UK faced retaliation the last time they reported wrongdoing</a> and also shed new light on gagging clauses used by the Post Office in the wake of the Horizon IT scandal amongst a myriad of other findings.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>In this article, I want to explore how the British Computer Society, which presents itself as the voice of software engineers in addressing the scandal, may well be teaching the wrong lessons to society.</p><h2 id="h-regulatory-failings">Regulatory Failings</h2>
<p>In January 2024, I led a public interest investigation which found that <a href="https://www.engprax.com/post/horizon-it-scandal-british-computer-society-role-in-scandal-exposed?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">the British Computer Society (BCS) failed to act when one of its members used their regulated status to convince courts to engage in miscarriages of justice</a>; despite the status provided by the BCS was the only computer qualifications the individual presented to the court and the BCS being required by the Engineering Council UK to uphold the conduct of its members.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Following the BCS being asked for comment, the BCS were disingenuous with the media by claiming they would take action after the long-drawn-out legal processes were completed when the evidence I’d uncovered indicated that the key individual's BCS membership has likely already long lapsed through non-renewal. The individual concerned (Gareth Jenkins) is currently a <a href="https://www.postofficescandal.uk/post/jenkins-wants-inquiry-immunity/?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">person of interest</a> to the Metropolitan Police in their investigations into the scandal and had requested criminal immunity so that his upcoming evidence to the public inquiry would not be used against him.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>This information was obtained after I gained sight of part of a Post Office witness statement marked “confidential” and was corroborated by a report to Post Office Ltd marked “legally privileged and confidential” by a lawyer, Brian Altman KC:</p><p><span><div class="sc-a6c0bd8c-1 ijZWBT image-container undefined"><button class="sc-a6c0bd8c-0 khzBNC download-button"><a download="report-by-brian-altman-qc-on-an-engineers-witness-statement.jpeg" href="https://hackernoon.imgix.net/images/wo54vA4dRXXTVVJQcL3vwFOoOn22-4wa31tz.jpeg" title="Download image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 22" width="22" fill="black"><path fill="black" d="M18 10v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-2v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v-1H6v-1H5v-1H4v-1h4V1h1V0h4v1h1v9h4z"></path><path fill="black" d="M21 15v-1h-6v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-2v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v-1H1v1H0v6h1v1h20v-1h1v-6h-1Zm-2 4h-1v-1h1v1Zm-3-1h1v1h-1v-1Z"></path></svg></a></button><div data-rmiz-wrap="visible"><div style="position: relative;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; max-width: 100%;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27800%27%20height=%27600%27/%3e" style="display: block; max-width: 100%; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span><img alt="Report by Brian Altman QC, on an engineer's witness statement." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="image" style="position: absolute; inset: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: none; margin: auto; display: block; width: 0px; height: 0px; min-width: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; max-height: 100%; object-fit: contain; background-size: contain; background-position: 0% 0%; filter: blur(20px); background-image: url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;base64,CiAgICA8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSI4MDAiIGhlaWdodD0iNjAwIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgeG1sbnM6eGxpbms9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzE5OTkveGxpbmsiPgogICAgICA8ZGVmcz4KICAgICAgICA8bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImciPgogICAgICAgICAgPHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iIzIyMiIgb2Zmc2V0PSIyJSIgLz4KICAgICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiMwZjAiIG9mZnNldD0iMTAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgICAgPHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iIzIyMiIgb2Zmc2V0PSIxMiUiIC8+CiAgICAgICAgPC9saW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudD4KICAgICAgPC9kZWZzPgogICAgICA8cmVjdCB3aWR0aD0iODAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjYwMCIgZmlsbD0iIzIyMiIgLz4KICAgICAgPHJlY3QgaWQ9InIiIHdpZHRoPSI4MDAiIGhlaWdodD0iNjAwIiBmaWxsPSJ1cmwoI2cpIiAvPgogICAgICA8YW5pbWF0ZSB4bGluazpocmVmPSIjciIgYXR0cmlidXRlTmFtZT0ieCIgZnJvbT0iLTgwMCIgdG89IjgwMCIgZHVyPSIxcyIgcmVwZWF0Q291bnQ9ImluZGVmaW5pdGUiICAvPgogICAgPC9zdmc+&quot;);"><noscript></noscript></span></div><button aria-label="Zoom image" data-rmiz-btn-open="true"></button></div><p class="image-caption">Report by Brian Altman QC, on an engineer's witness statement.</p></div></span></p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Following a Freedom of Information Act request I made recently, Post Office Limited confirmed they held a copy of a witness statement from the individual concerned - further corroborating the information:</p><p><span><div class="sc-a6c0bd8c-1 ijZWBT image-container undefined"><button class="sc-a6c0bd8c-0 khzBNC download-button"><a download="extract-from-foia-response-by-post-office-limited.jpeg" href="https://hackernoon.imgix.net/images/wo54vA4dRXXTVVJQcL3vwFOoOn22-05831e7.jpeg" title="Download image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 22" width="22" fill="black"><path fill="black" d="M18 10v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-2v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v-1H6v-1H5v-1H4v-1h4V1h1V0h4v1h1v9h4z"></path><path fill="black" d="M21 15v-1h-6v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-2v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v-1H1v1H0v6h1v1h20v-1h1v-6h-1Zm-2 4h-1v-1h1v1Zm-3-1h1v1h-1v-1Z"></path></svg></a></button><div data-rmiz-wrap="visible"><div style="position: relative;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; max-width: 100%;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27800%27%20height=%27130.11428571428573%27/%3e" style="display: block; max-width: 100%; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span><img alt="Extract from FOIA Response by Post Office Limited." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="image" style="position: absolute; inset: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: none; margin: auto; display: block; width: 0px; height: 0px; min-width: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; max-height: 100%; object-fit: contain; background-size: contain; background-position: 0% 0%; filter: blur(20px); background-image: url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;base64,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&quot;);"><noscript></noscript></span></div><button aria-label="Zoom image" data-rmiz-btn-open="true"></button></div><p class="image-caption">Extract from FOIA Response by Post Office Limited.</p></div></span></p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>The BCS is far from the only regulator involved in this matter. Seldom mentioned in the media is the fact that the Post Office is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), who operate some bureaucratic rules to attempt to regulate the UK’s financial sector.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>A <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/rachelwolcott?miniProfileUrn=urn%3Ali%3Afsd_profile%3AACoAAACAPicB9XOXpbxvUmvg3pZbNR43JJ27Xxw&amp;lipi=urn%3Ali%3Apage%3Ad_flagship3_profile_view_base_recent_activity_content_view%3B8TW752wER6anOEIazkn2qg%3D%3D&amp;ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">recent investigation by Reuters</a> which I contributed to found that the FCA had been assessing Freedom of Information Act requests differently when they came from journalists. It has also been reported the FCA <a href="https://www.cityam.com/fca-dismissed-whistleblowers-extreme-retaliation-claims-with-legal-mistake/?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">"dismissed complaints from a whistleblower and allegedly left them open to a barrage of retaliation from their former employer after officials wrongly interpreted the law"</a>.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>For the Post Office to bring their own prosecutions, they engaged the services of the highly-regulated legal field, where professionals are regulated by bodies like the Solicitors Regulation Authority and Bar Standards Board.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>In all these instances, from the British Computer Society to the legal profession, the regulatory bodies failed. The victims of the Horizon IT scandal’s first taste of justice was when a journalist from ComputerWeekly began to cover their story as Alan Bates led a campaign to get justice for his colleagues.</p><h2 id="h-calls-for-regulation-by-the-bcs">Calls for Regulation by the BCS</h2>
<p>Without shame; the British Computer Society is now calling for AI "to be regulated to avoid its own Post Office Horizon Scandal" by requiring practitioners to be licensed - seemingly an opportunistic attempt to capitalise on a scandal, when they regulated the professional qualifications used to convince courts to engage in this miscarriage of justice. It is additionally ironic that whilst the BCS refuse to commence disciplinary action against their members until the public inquiry is complete, they seem perfectly content to begin providing recommendations to society.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>However, at its core, the calls for regulation fundamentally misunderstand how such disasters are prevented. This can be seen by the sheer weight of regulation the Post Office was under in these cases, yet miscarriages continued to occur.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Dr Ron Westrum wrote in the British Medical Journal’s Quality &amp; Safety publication in 2004 a paper entitled <em>“<a href="https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/13/suppl_2/ii22?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">The Three Typologies of Organisational Culture</a>”</em>. The following table demonstrates these three organisational topologies, describing how different organisations process information:</p><p><span><div class="sc-a6c0bd8c-1 ijZWBT image-container undefined"><button class="sc-a6c0bd8c-0 khzBNC download-button"><a download="westrum-organizational-model.jpeg" href="https://hackernoon.imgix.net/images/wo54vA4dRXXTVVJQcL3vwFOoOn22-m29319b.jpeg" title="Download image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 22" width="22" fill="black"><path fill="black" d="M18 10v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-2v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v-1H6v-1H5v-1H4v-1h4V1h1V0h4v1h1v9h4z"></path><path fill="black" d="M21 15v-1h-6v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-2v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v-1H1v1H0v6h1v1h20v-1h1v-6h-1Zm-2 4h-1v-1h1v1Zm-3-1h1v1h-1v-1Z"></path></svg></a></button><div data-rmiz-wrap="visible"><div style="position: relative;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; max-width: 100%;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27800%27%20height=%27419.4214285714286%27/%3e" style="display: block; max-width: 100%; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span><img alt="Westrum Organizational Model" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="image" style="position: absolute; inset: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: none; margin: auto; display: block; width: 0px; height: 0px; min-width: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; max-height: 100%; object-fit: contain; background-size: contain; background-position: 0% 0%; filter: blur(20px); background-image: url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;base64,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&quot;);"><noscript></noscript></span></div><button aria-label="Zoom image" data-rmiz-btn-open="true"></button></div><p class="image-caption">Westrum Organizational Model</p></div></span></p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Generative cultures are “psychologically safe” - they focus on outcomes and people are free to raise the alarm when things go wrong, rather than being shot. By contrast, pathological organisations are those where failure leads to scapegoating and messengers are shot. However - bureaucratic organisations are hardly desirable either. Messengers are neglected and rules take priority over addressing the causes of failure. For poor leaders, bureaucratic management is the easiest - instead of changing culture they pull the lever of more rules rather than addressing the issues.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>From my experience of looking at the Horizon IT Scandal and other catastrophic software failures - many of the organisations or regulators involved either were pathological organisations or bureaucratic. However, a generative culture would have allowed one of the insiders who raised concerns about the Horizon IT problems (<a href="https://www.usehaystack.io/blog/when-agile-goes-wrong?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">like David McDonnel did</a>) to have their voices listened to and their concerns investigated.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Regulation of software engineers may help gatekeep some from the software engineering profession, but to address the real issues of the Horizon IT Scandal - we need to develop more generative culture organisations.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Legislation must be part of the answer in strengthening protection for software engineer whistleblowers who raise the alarm to serious issues (as protections in the UK must be strengthened) and some form of regulation may be part of the answer to addressing some of the issues, however, we should not pretend that rule-oriented cultures will suddenly lead to the psychological safety needed to stop these scandals - history, indeed in this very case, has proven that it does not.</p></div><div style="visibility:hidden" class="sc-1e366be2-7 kZfKay"><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M16 9h1v2h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1H9v1H8v1H7v1H6v1H0v-6h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1V9h1V8h1V7h1V6h1V5h2v1h1v1h1v1h1v1zM22 4v2h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1V8h-1V7h-1V6h-1V5h-1V4h-1V3h1V2h1V1h1V0h2v1h1v1h1v1h1v1h1z"></path></svg></button><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 3v2h-1v2h-1v1h-5V7h-2v1h-1v1H9v4h1v1h1v1h2v-1h5v1h1v2h1v2h-1v2h-1v1h-5v-1h-1v-2h-1v-2h-1v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v1H2v-1H1v-2H0v-2h1V8h1V7h5v1h1V7h1V6h1V5h1V3h1V1h1V0h5v1h1v2h1z"></path></svg></button><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M14 19v2h-1v1H1v-1H0V5h1V4h3v15h10z"></path><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 6v11h-1v1H6v-1H5V1h1V0h8v6h6z"></path><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 4v1h-5V0h1v1h1v1h1v1h1v1h1z"></path></svg></button><a style="margin-left:15px;color:white" href="#commentSection"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 19" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M21 6V4h-1V3h-1V2h-2V1h-3V0H8v1H5v1H3v1H2v1H1v2H0v6h1v2h1v2H1v1H0v2h5v-1h1v-1h2v1h6v-1h3v-1h2v-1h1v-1h1v-2h1V6h-1ZM6 13h1v-1h1v-2H6V5h4v8H9v1H6v-1Zm6 0h1v-1h1v-2h-2V5h4v8h-1v1h-3v-1Z"></path></svg></a><button style="margin-right:10px"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 2v12h-1v1h-2v1h-6v-1H4v1H3v4H1V3H0V1h1V0h2v1h1v2H3v1h1V3h7v1h6V3h2V2h1z"></path></svg></button><div class="sc-1e366be2-8 cbbaIe"></div></div></div>

How the British Computer Society may well be teaching the wrong lessons to society in the wake of the Post Office Horizon IT Scandal.

How We Risk Learning the Wrong Lessons from the Horizon IT Scandal

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<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>The Version 1.9 update retrofits the HackerNoon Text Editor for iOS and Android, giving users the ability to write and submit drafts to human editors on the go without the need to access the web version of HackerNoon to share their insights with the community at large.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>The HackerNoon Mobile App also now supports machine translated stories from English to <underline><a href="https://hackernoon.com/es?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Spanish</a></underline>, <underline><a href="https://hackernoon.com/hi?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Hindi</a></underline>, <underline><a href="https://hackernoon.com/zh?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Mandarin</a></underline>, <underline><a href="https://hackernoon.com/vi?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Vietnamese</a></underline>, <underline><a href="https://hackernoon.com/fr?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">French</a></underline>, <underline><a href="https://hackernoon.com/pt?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Portuguese</a></underline>, <underline><a href="https://hackernoon.com/ja?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Japanese</a></underline>, <underline><a href="https://hackernoon.com/ru?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Russian</a></underline>, <underline><a href="https://hackernoon.com/ko?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Korean</a></underline>, <underline><a href="https://hackernoon.com/tr?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Turkish</a></underline>, <underline><a href="https://hackernoon.com/bn?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Bengali</a></underline>, and <underline><a href="https://hackernoon.com/de?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">German</a></underline>. In addition to the stories being translated, the native in app language is also translated in its entirety to better serve more worldwide markets.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Other updates to the HackerNoon Mobile App include changing how the app measures trending tags and publishing activity; redesigning the story cards to better highlight top technology stories; and adding a&nbsp; modernized draggable playlist. Users can now also enjoy original pixelated icons in the app UI and dark mode details.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>“This is our mobile app’s biggest update to date, with native support for the HackerNoon Text Editor and 12 additional languages to read our library of technology stories,” HackerNoon Founder and CEO David Smooke said. “This update is a commitment to helping technologists to not only more easily create content but also to reach and serve worldwide readers from their mobile devices.”</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Launched in 2023 Q4, the HackerNoon Mobile App is the perfect companion for technologists looking to access 100k+ technology blog posts from the convenience of their phones and make contributions to topics of interest to the web at large, including cryptocurrency, artificial intelligence, startups, and tech.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Available on both iOS and Android platforms, the app is designed to empower tech enthusiasts and anyone interested in the rapidly evolving tech landscape by offering them all the same functionalities as the HackerNoon.com website, including the ability to engage in polls, listening to audio, and discovering content personalized to their tastes.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Download the HackerNoon App on your favorite App Store. 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The Version 1.9 update retrofits the HackerNoon Text Editor for iOS and Android, giving users the ability to write and submit drafts on the go.

HackerNoon Mobile App Now Supports In-App Writing and 13 Total Languages to Read Tech Blogs

<div><div><div class="notice notice-info">
<p><strong>Authors:</strong></p>
<p>(1) Ruohan Zhang, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Institute for Human-Centered AI (HAI), Stanford University &amp; Equally contributed; zharu@stanford.edu;</p>
<p>(2) Sharon Lee, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University &amp; Equally contributed; zharu@stanford.edu;</p>
<p>(3) Minjune Hwang, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University &amp; Equally contributed; zharu@stanford.edu;</p>
<p>(4) Ayano Hiranaka, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University &amp; Equally contributed; zharu@stanford.edu;</p>
<p>(5) Chen Wang, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University;</p>
<p>(6) Wensi Ai, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University;</p>
<p>(7) Jin Jie Ryan Tan, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University;</p>
<p>(8) Shreya Gupta, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University;</p>
<p>(9) Yilun Hao, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University;</p>
<p>(10) Ruohan Gao, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University;</p>
<p>(11) Anthony Norcia, Department of Psychology, Stanford University</p>
<p>(12) Li Fei-Fei, 1Department of Computer Science, Stanford University &amp; Institute for Human-Centered AI (HAI), Stanford University;</p>
<p>(13) Jiajun Wu, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University &amp; Institute for Human-Centered AI (HAI), Stanford University.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="h-table-of-links">Table of Links</h2>
<p><a href="http://hackernoon.com/preview/Sz80MulD9mm6IlCfAYjN?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Abstract &amp; Introduction</a></p>
<p><a href="http://hackernoon.com/preview/dH32TObqz9nenMxRqTFf?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Brain-Robot Interface (BRI): Background</a></p>
<p><a href="https://hackernoon.com/preview/hwuI4MjJwsnZ1aHcWbox?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">The NOIR System</a></p>
<p><a href="http://hackernoon.com/preview/dFF3ikA4pF24o7lFG13l?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Experiments</a></p>
<p><a href="http://hackernoon.com/preview/mPQ0UfzbXnmqrHxzVjRZ?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Results</a></p>
<p><a href="http://hackernoon.com/preview/krBSdUyWw7JJfK1Nda5p?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Conclusion, Limitations, and Ethical Concerns</a></p>
<p><a href="http://hackernoon.com/preview/JME5QbC9M449tZGVXWUm?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Acknowledgments &amp; References</a></p>
<p><a href="http://hackernoon.com/preview/vvTVJpqoPx7LFw2NipDG?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Appendix 1: Questions and Answers about NOIR</a></p>
<p><a href="http://hackernoon.com/preview/Ho2gRYNT1idhHyEXRImE?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Appendix 2: Comparison between Different Brain Recording Devices</a></p>
<p><a href="http://hackernoon.com/preview/KdUyMPt447JKqpRcPuAQ?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Appendix 3: System Setup</a></p>
<p><a href="http://hackernoon.com/preview/NIcarVFI3I0KL5hpSRNR?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Appendix 4: Task Definitions</a></p>
<p><a href="http://hackernoon.com/preview/L6emKuAXm0LB8d80b15T?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Appendix 5: Experimental Procedure</a></p>
<p><a href="http://hackernoon.com/preview/eVZrFG9yCzdwN0LIvxmp?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Appendix 6: Decoding Algorithms Details</a></p>
<p><a href="http://hackernoon.com/preview/FwW8NJ6pKCJ3eYBDTZtO?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Appendix 7: Robot Learning Algorithm Details</a></p>
<h2 id="h-abstract">Abstract</h2>
<p>We present Neural Signal Operated Intelligent Robots (NOIR), a general-purpose, intelligent brain-robot interface system that enables humans to command robots to perform everyday activities through brain signals. Through this interface, humans communicate their intended objects of interest and actions to the robots using electroencephalography (EEG). Our novel system demonstrates success in an expansive array of 20 challenging, everyday household activities, including cooking, cleaning, personal care, and entertainment. The effectiveness of the system is improved by its synergistic integration of robot learning algorithms, allowing for NOIR to adapt to individual users and predict their intentions. Our work enhances the way humans interact with robots, replacing traditional channels of interaction with direct, neural communication. Project website: https://noir-corl.github.io/</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Brain-Robot Interface; Human-Robot Interaction</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><span><div class="sc-a6c0bd8c-1 ijZWBT image-container undefined"><button class="sc-a6c0bd8c-0 khzBNC download-button"><a download="figure-1-noir-is-a-general-purpose-brain-robot-interface-that-allows-humans-to-use-their-brain-signals-1-to-control-robots-to-perform-daily-activities-such-as-making-sukiyaki-2-ironing-clothes-7-playing-tic-tac-toe-with-friends-17-and-petting-a-robot-dog-21.png" href="https://hackernoon.imgix.net/images/fWZa4tUiBGemnqQfBGgCPf9594N2-n883v2d.png" title="Download image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 22" width="22" fill="black"><path fill="black" d="M18 10v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-2v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v-1H6v-1H5v-1H4v-1h4V1h1V0h4v1h1v9h4z"></path><path fill="black" d="M21 15v-1h-6v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-2v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v-1H1v1H0v6h1v1h20v-1h1v-6h-1Zm-2 4h-1v-1h1v1Zm-3-1h1v1h-1v-1Z"></path></svg></a></button><div data-rmiz-wrap="visible"><div style="position: relative;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; max-width: 100%;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27800%27%20height=%27368.2822085889571%27/%3e" style="display: block; max-width: 100%; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span><img alt="Figure 1: NOIR is a general-purpose brain-robot interface that allows humans to use their brain signals (1) to control robots to perform daily activities, such as making Sukiyaki (2), ironing clothes (7), playing Tic-Tac-Toe with friends (17), and petting a robot dog (21)." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="image" style="position: absolute; inset: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: none; margin: auto; display: block; width: 0px; height: 0px; min-width: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; max-height: 100%; object-fit: contain; background-size: contain; background-position: 0% 0%; filter: blur(20px); background-image: url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;base64,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&quot;);"><noscript></noscript></span></div><button aria-label="Zoom image" data-rmiz-btn-open="true"></button></div><p class="image-caption">Figure 1: NOIR is a general-purpose brain-robot interface that allows humans to use their brain signals (1) to control robots to perform daily activities, such as making Sukiyaki (2), ironing clothes (7), playing Tic-Tac-Toe with friends (17), and petting a robot dog (21).</p></div></span></p><h2 id="h-1-introduction">1 Introduction</h2>
<p>Brain-robot interfaces (BRIs) are a pinnacle achievement in the realm of art, science, and engineering. This aspiration, which features prominently in speculative fiction, innovative artwork, and groundbreaking scientific studies, entails creating robotic systems that operate in perfect synergy with humans. A critical component of such systems is their ability to communicate with humans. In human-robot collaboration and robot learning, humans communicate their intents through actions [1], button presses [2, 3], gaze [4–7], facial expression [8], language [9, 10], etc [11, 12]. However, the prospect of direct communication through neural signals stands out to be the most thrilling but challenging medium.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>We present Neural Signal Operated Intelligent Robots (NOIR), a general-purpose, intelligent BRI system with non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG). The primary principle of this system is hierarchical shared autonomy, where humans define high-level goals while the robot actualizes the goals through the execution of low-level motor commands. Taking advantage of the progress in neuroscience, robotics, and machine learning, our system distinguishes itself by extending beyond previous attempts to make the following contributions.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>First, NOIR is general-purpose in its diversity of tasks and accessibility. We show that humans can accomplish an expansive array of 20 daily everyday activities, in contrast to existing BRI systems that are typically specialized at one or a few tasks or exist solely in simulation [13–22]. Additionally, the system can be used by the general population, with a minimum amount of training.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Second, the “I” in NOIR means that our robots are intelligent and adaptive. The robots are equipped with a library of diverse skills, allowing them to perform low-level actions without dense human supervision. Human behavioral goals can naturally be communicated, interpreted, and executed by the robots with parameterized primitive skills, such as Pick(obj-A) or MoveTo(x,y). Additionally, our robots are capable of learning human intended goals during their collaboration. We show that by leveraging the recent progress in foundation models, we can make such a system more adaptive with limited data. We show that this can significantly increase the efficiency of the system.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>The key technical contributions of NOIR include a modular neural signal decoding pipeline for human intentions. Decoding human intended goals (e.g., “pick up the mug from the handle”) from neural signals is extremely challenging. We decompose human intention into three components: What object to manipulate, How to interact with the object, and Where to interact, and show that such signals can be decoded from different types of neural data. These decomposed signals naturally correspond to parameterized robot skills and can be communicated effectively to the robots.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>In 20 household activities involving tabletop or mobile manipulations, three human subjects successfully used our system to accomplish these tasks with their brain signals. We demonstrate that few-shot robot learning from humans can significantly improve the efficiency of our system. This approach to building intelligent robotic systems, which utilizes human brain signals for collaboration, holds immense potential for the development of critical assistive technologies for individuals with or without disabilities and to improve the quality of their life.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><div class="notice notice-info">
<p>This paper is <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.01454.pdf?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">available on arxiv</a> under CC 4.0 license.</p>
</div>
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<div><div><p>OKRs stand for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectives_and_key_results?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Objectives and Key Results</a>.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Peter Drucker invented them in 1954 as MBO, <a href="https://archive.org/details/highoutputmanage00grov?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">Management by Objectives</a>. Intel used them first. Then John Doerr, once at Intel, brought them to Google. Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Google's founders, learned from him.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>An OKR has two parts: the objective, your goal, and the key results, what success looks like. You should limit key results to five per objective. OKRs aim for an outcome, not just an output. For example, don't just say, "Launch app x." Instead, define why you're launching it. What change do you seek? That's your true objective.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Remember this: if you're stuck, ask "Why?" Why are we doing this? The answer often reveals the real goal. Measuring success is crucial. Vague goals like "increase engagement" don't help. Be specific. Say, "boost retention by 5%." That's measurable.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>OKRs fit everywhere, from big-picture strategies to specific product developments. They link high-level vision with day-to-day tactics. In product-driven companies, they align all levels of operation.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h2 id="h-step-by-step-plan">Step By Step Plan</h2>
<p>Let’s say you’re a founder of a startup, and you’ve just hit traction.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>First of all, congratulations on reaching this pivotal moment in your startup's journey.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>As you navigate this new phase of expansion and complexity, it's crucial to align your team's efforts and maintain focus on what truly matters for sustained growth. This is where OKRs become vital.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>What follows is a step-by-step guide designed to help you implement OKRs effectively.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>This guide will cover setting clear objectives, defining measurable key results, and ensuring these OKRs resonate at every level of your organization.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>It's tailored to maintain the agility and innovation of your startup while scaling operations efficiently.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><span class="highlight">Let's dive in!</span></p><h3 id="h-day-1-identify-strategic-gaps-formulate-key-hypotheses">Day 1: Identify Strategic Gaps &amp; Formulate Key Hypotheses</h3>
<h4 id="h-morning-identify-strategic-gaps">Morning: Identify strategic gaps.</h4>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Begin by reviewing current performance data and long-term goals. Engage in discussions with department leads to uncover areas where the company's current trajectory diverges from its objectives.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>This process is essential to pinpoint the specific challenges and opportunities the company must address. It grounds the OKR process in reality, ensuring that objectives are both ambitious and relevant.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><strong>Question</strong>: What are the primary gaps between our current performance and our long-term goals?</p><h4 id="h-afternoon-develop-key-hypotheses">Afternoon: Develop key hypotheses.</h4>
<p>In the afternoon, transition into formulating hypotheses that address the identified gaps. These hypotheses should propose potential reasons for the gaps and suggest ways to bridge them. This step is crucial for directing the focus of your strategy. It provides a basis for the 'how might we' questions and subsequent steps, ensuring that the strategy development is hypothesis-driven and targeted.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><strong>Question</strong>: What hypotheses can we formulate to address these strategic gaps?</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h3 id="h-day-2-define-how-might-we-questions-brainstorm-strategic-options">Day 2: Define 'How Might We' Questions &amp; Brainstorm Strategic Options</h3>
<h4 id="h-morning-transform-hypotheses-into-how-might-we-questions">Morning: Transform hypotheses into 'how might we' questions.</h4>
<p>Transform the previously developed hypotheses into open-ended 'how might we' questions. This approach promotes creative thinking and opens up a range of potential solutions. These questions should challenge the team to think beyond conventional solutions, fostering innovation and broad strategic thinking.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><strong>Question</strong>: What 'how might we' questions emerge from our key hypotheses?</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h4 id="h-afternoon-brainstorm-wtp-htw-options">Afternoon: Brainstorm WTP/HTW options.</h4>
<p>Spend the afternoon brainstorming possible Where-to-Play/How-to-Win (WTP/HTW) choices to address the 'how might we' questions. This session should be expansive, encouraging ideas from all corners of the business. The goal is to explore a wide array of strategic options, ensuring that the final strategy is not only robust but also innovative.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><strong>Question</strong>: What strategic options can we brainstorm to answer these 'how might we' questions?</p><h3 id="h-day-3-determine-barriers-refine-hypotheses">Day 3: Determine Barriers &amp; Refine Hypotheses</h3>
<h4 id="h-morning-identify-barriers-for-each-strategic-option">Morning: Identify barriers for each strategic option.</h4>
<p>Identify what could hinder the success of each WTP/HTW option. This involves analyzing potential risks, market conditions, and internal capabilities. Understanding these barriers is key to making informed strategic decisions and anticipating challenges that might arise in the implementation of these strategies.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><strong>Question</strong>: What are the potential barriers to our strategic choices?</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h4 id="h-afternoon-refine-hypotheses">Afternoon: Refine Hypotheses.</h4>
<p>Instead of rushing into tests, use these two days to further refine your hypotheses based on initial feedback and deeper analysis. This refinement should involve critical examination of the hypotheses in light of available data, industry trends, and internal capabilities. The aim is to ensure that the hypotheses are not only relevant and testable but also practical and aligned with your strategic goals.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><strong>Question</strong>: How have we refined our hypotheses based on identified barriers and feedback?</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h3 id="h-day-4-update-strategy-establish-kp-is">Day 4: Update strategy &amp; Establish KPIs</h3>
<h4 id="h-morning-update-strategy-based-on-analysis">Morning: Update strategy based on analysis.</h4>
<p>Use the insights gained from the morning's analysis to refine your strategy. This may involve selecting specific WTP/HTW options or revising your initial hypotheses. The refinement process is essential for ensuring that the strategy is aligned with the empirical data and is adaptable to the insights gained.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><strong>Question</strong>: How have we updated our strategy based on the refined hypotheses and barrier analysis?</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h4 id="h-afternoon-establish-kp-is">Afternoon: Establish KPIs.</h4>
<p>Begin defining clear Key Performance. This step is vital for setting measurable and specific targets that align with your objectives. This is the constellation of big and small metrics that you’ll be watching or driving in order for the strategy to work, and that will show that it is working.<br></p>
<p><strong>Question</strong>: What KPIs have we established for the updated strategy?</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h3 id="h-day-5-develop-strategic-objectives">Day 5: Develop Strategic Objectives</h3>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Gather key leadership team members to develop 3-5 high-level, company-wide objectives. These should be ambitious, aligning with the company's long-term vision, and should be a direct outcome of the previous days' work. This step is crucial for setting a clear, strategic direction for the entire company.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><strong>Question</strong>: What are the 3-5 strategic objectives we've developed?</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h3 id="h-day-6-communicate-objectives-tackle-questions">Day 6: Communicate Objectives &amp; Tackle Questions</h3>
<h4 id="h-morning-communicate-objectives-company-wide">Morning: Communicate objectives company-wide.</h4>
<p>Present the defined objectives to all employees, clearly articulating their significance and how they align with the company's broader vision. Effective communication is key to ensuring buy-in and understanding across the organization, which is essential for successful implementation.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h4 id="h-afternoon-q-a-sessions">Afternoon: Q&amp;A Sessions</h4>
<p>Hold sessions where employees can ask questions to gain clarity and deeper understanding of the company OKRs.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><strong>Question</strong>: What are the key concerns addressed in the Q&amp;A sessions?</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h3 id="h-day-7-departmental-breakdown-of-objectives-develop-key-results">Day 7: Departmental Breakdown of Objectives &amp; Develop Key Results</h3>
<h4 id="h-morning-departmental-workshops">Morning: Departmental workshops</h4>
<p>Each department should hold workshops facilitated by department heads or OKR champions. The aim is to interpret how company OKRs translate into departmental objectives.This step ensures that each department understands its role in achieving the broader objectives, fostering a sense of ownership and clarity of purpose.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><strong>Question</strong>: How have departments translated company OKRs into departmental objectives?</p><h4 id="h-afternoon-develop-key-results-for-each-department">Afternoon: Develop key results for each department.</h4>
<p>Develop 3-5 key results for each departmental objective. These should be quantifiable and challenging, yet attainable. This stage is crucial for creating a clear roadmap for each department, outlining how their efforts contribute to the company's overall objectives.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><strong>Question</strong>: What key results have departments established?</p><h3 id="h-day-8-establish-tracking-mechanism-mid-quarter-check-in-planning">Day 8: Establish Tracking Mechanism &amp; Mid-Quarter Check-In Planning</h3>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h4 id="h-morning-set-up-tracking-tool-and-train-team-members">Morning: Set up tracking tool and train team members.</h4>
<p>Select and implement a tool for tracking progress on key results. Provide training to ensure that all team members can effectively use the tool. This step is essential for maintaining visibility on progress and ensuring accountability.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><strong>Question</strong>: What tracking tool have we implemented and how was the team trained?</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h4 id="h-afternoon-plan-for-mid-quarter-end-of-quarter-check-in">Afternoon: Plan for mid-quarter &amp; end of quarter check-in.</h4>
<p>Organize the logistics and agenda for a mid-quarter review meeting. This meeting should be designed to review progress, identify any barriers, and make necessary adjustments. Planning for this check-in is important for keeping the team on track and adapting to any unforeseen challenges. Establish channels for feedback on the OKR process at all levels.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><strong>Question</strong>: What is our approach for the mid-quarter and end-of-quarter check-ins?</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h3 id="h-day-50-of-the-quarter-plan-next-quarters-ok-rs">Day 50 (of the quarter): Plan Next Quarter’s OKRs</h3>
<h4 id="h-begin-setting-ok-rs-for-next-quarter">Begin Setting OKRs for Next Quarter</h4>
<p>Start the process of setting objectives and key results for the next quarter, using learnings and feedback from the current quarter. This forward-planning ensures continuous strategic alignment and improvement.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h3 id="h-day-60-continuous-improvement-session">Day 60:&nbsp;&nbsp;Continuous Improvement Session</h3>
<h4 id="h-conduct-a-session-to-refine-the-okr-process">Conduct a Session to Refine the OKR Process</h4>
<p>Gather insights on the OKR process implementation and discuss ways to refine and improve for future cycles. This reflection is crucial for continuous improvement, ensuring that the OKR process remains effective and relevant to the company's evolving needs.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>
<p>By implementing OKRs, your Startup can not only navigate the challenges of growth more effectively but also instill a sense of purpose and accountability among team members. As you implement OKRs, remember that the journey is as crucial as the destination; adaptability and iteration are key. In doing so, you'll empower your team to reach new heights and sustain long-term success in the dynamic landscape of the business world.</p>
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An OKR has two parts: the objective, your goal, and the key results, what success looks like.

A Step-By-Step Guide For Implementing OKRs In Your Scaling Startup

<div><div><p>Social media has become the cornerstone of many businesses' marketing strategies. But with it come a number of <a href="https://hackernoon.com/c/cybersecurity?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">cybersecurity</a> risks, which anyone running social campaigns needs to understand before they end up in too deep.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Social media has changed the dynamic for business owners. From small businesses to large corporations, social media platforms allow companies to engage directly with their customers, foster brand awareness, and turn followers into loyal consumers. It really has leveled the playing field, and now even a solopreneur can build a strong brand with a bit of time and know-how on social media.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>But, as with any digital frontier, security threats are a challenge, and social media sites offer their own set of challenges.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>To this end, understanding the social media threats is essential. Not only to maintain the integrity of your brand or company's online presence but also to protect sensitive information from falling into the wrong hands.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>We're going to look at some of the common social media cyber security threats, how they can affect your business, and what to do if you've been impacted by any of them.</p><h2>What are the three main cybersecurity risks with social media?</h2>
<p>With social media accounts, there are three main forms of cyber threats that can occur. While these fall under one main heading, they can result in additional problems and challenges if not fixed in time.</p>
<p><span><div class="sc-a6c0bd8c-1 ijZWBT image-container undefined"><button class="sc-a6c0bd8c-0 khzBNC download-button"><a download="image.jpeg" href="https://hackernoon.imgix.net/images/RKMlJx8lfbWMC35XuP6ocaanBzi1-ao83qsf.jpeg" title="Download image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 22" width="22" fill="black"><path fill="black" d="M18 10v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-2v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v-1H6v-1H5v-1H4v-1h4V1h1V0h4v1h1v9h4z"></path><path fill="black" d="M21 15v-1h-6v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-2v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v-1H1v1H0v6h1v1h20v-1h1v-6h-1Zm-2 4h-1v-1h1v1Zm-3-1h1v1h-1v-1Z"></path></svg></a></button><div data-rmiz-wrap="visible"><div style="position: relative;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; max-width: 100%;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27800%27%20height=%27460.22999999999996%27/%3e" style="display: block; max-width: 100%; width: initial; height: initial; background: none; opacity: 1; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span><img alt="image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="image" style="position: absolute; inset: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: none; margin: auto; display: block; width: 0px; height: 0px; min-width: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; max-height: 100%; object-fit: contain; background-size: contain; background-position: 0% 0%; filter: blur(20px); background-image: url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;base64,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&quot;);"><noscript></noscript></span></div><button aria-label="Zoom image" data-rmiz-btn-open="true"></button></div></div></span></p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h3>1. Social Engineering Attacks</h3>
<p>Social engineering is a manipulative tactic that’s designed to exploit human psychology to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information. This can include logging into systems, online accounts, banking details, or accessing data. Cybercriminals often target employees or account owners, tricking them into divulging confidential information or granting access to restricted resources.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>This can especially be the case for businesses that mix social media for personal and professional purposes or for social media accounts that are managed externally or by a large team.</p><p>Common social engineering attacks include:</p>
<p><strong>Phishing:</strong> Posing as a trustworthy entity to solicit sensitive data via email or messaging apps.
<strong>Baiting:</strong> Enticing victims with offers of free goods or services, tricking them into clicking malicious links or opening malware-infected files.
<strong>Pretexting:</strong> Impersonating someone else to gain the victim's trust, collecting personal and financial information through a series of seemingly innocent interactions.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>A clever example of pretexting and social engineering is when hackers pay attention to a specific company and track when a CEO is out of town or away on vacation. They might spot this when they post on social media or even pay attention to company announcements when someone senior is visiting a trade show or conference.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>The hacker then approaches someone within the company using an email that looks similar to the genuine address and demands payment is sent urgently to a new bank account. Of course, this is a scam - but if done correctly by the hacker, this can be hugely damaging. Some businesses lose hundreds of millions thanks to these scams, which are also referred to as <a href="https://www.tessian.com/blog/examples-of-social-engineering-attacks/?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">spear phishing</a>.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h3>2. Data Leaks and Privacy Breaches</h3>
<p>With millions of active users on social media platforms, the risk of inadvertently leaking sensitive company information or customer data is significant.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Insider threats, such as disgruntled or careless employees, are also a significant concern that can quickly snowball and cause damage beyond the initial data breach. It just takes a single lapse in concentration for someone to accidentally share crucial information - and yes, this does happen a lot.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Privacy breaches can lead to reputational damage, legal repercussions, and financial loss. And yes, this does affect thousands of businesses a year, some of which end up losing huge amounts of money.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>In fact, in November 2023 alone, there were <a href="https://www.itgovernance.co.uk/blog/list-of-data-breaches-and-cyber-attacks-in-2023?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">470 known data breaches</a>, resulting in more than 419 million records being accessed. In total, 2023 saw more than 6 billion records accessed via scammers. Shocking, right?</p><h3>3. Account Hijacking</h3>
<p>Cybercriminals can gain unauthorized access to company social media accounts, either through stolen login credentials or by exploiting security vulnerabilities in the platform.</p>
<p>A hijacked account can be used to spread misinformation, damage the company's reputation, or conduct illicit activities in the company's name.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>A knock-on of account hijacking can be that your account gets shadowbanned or even blocked and removed in the worst-case scenario.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p><a href="https://hackernoon.com/hacking-or-social-engineering-what-you-need-to-know-to-keep-yourself-safe?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">Read more about hacking and social engineering.</a></p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h2>How does social engineering happen on social media?</h2>
<p>Social engineering is usually a mid to long-term strategy that is used for gaining access to confidential data or private information.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>It leverages some interesting aspects of human psychology to gain trust or exploit :</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><ol>
<li><strong>Gathering Information:</strong> Cybercriminals conduct research on their target, collecting personal and professional details from the target's social media profiles, online presence, and public records.</li>
<li><strong>Establishing Trust:</strong> Attackers might create fake social media profiles, posing as acquaintances, businesses, or authority figures. They interact with the target to build rapport and develop a trusting relationship.</li>
<li><strong>Exploiting Trust:</strong> Once trust is established, cybercriminals manipulate the target into divulging sensitive information, performing compromising actions, or providing access to restricted resources.</li>
<li><strong>Executing the Attack:</strong> With the necessary information in hand, the attackers breach the target's security measures, either for financial gain or other malicious purposes.</li>
</ol>
<h2>How does phishing happen on social media?</h2>
<p>Phishing scams often form part of a bigger cyber security threat and usually also result in additional problems such as hacking, data breaches, and more.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>On social media, a phishing attack will usually follow a similar pattern. The attacker:</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><ol>
<li><strong>Creates a fake profile:</strong> The scammer establishes a convincing social media profile, often impersonating reputable companies or individuals.</li>
<li><strong>Connects with potential victims:</strong> Targets are contacted through friend requests, direct messages, or even public comments on their posts.</li>
<li><strong>Sends deceptive messages:</strong> The attacker messages the target with a convincing narrative (e.g., account suspension, password reset, or prize notification). The message will urge the victim to follow a malicious link or provide sensitive information.</li>
</ol>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>If the victim falls for the phishing attack, they may inadvertently disclose login credentials, financial details, or other sensitive data, leaving them vulnerable to identity theft, fraud, and other illegal activities.</p><h2>What is shadowbanning?</h2>
<p>If you’ve invested in your Instagram or TikTok, shadowbanning is probably the most damaging result of a <a href="https://hackernoon.com/4-signs-your-instagram-has-been-hacked-and-what-to-do?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">social media hack</a> that you could experience, aside from your account being closed down.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Shadowbanning refers to the practice of limiting a user's visibility on a platform without their knowledge. Almost like being silenced or muted, a shadowbanned account might experience a significant decrease in engagement, as their content will not appear in searches, newsfeeds, or hashtag lists.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>While shadowbanning might not fall under the banner of a cyber threat for most, it can result from excessive bot activity on an account or the result of an account being compromised.</p><p>Platforms like Instagram, TikTok, Twitter, and Facebook apply shadowbanning algorithms to ensure that content aligns with their community guidelines.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Saying that it’s a bit tricky as the main platforms don’t readily admit the existence of shadowbanning, even though it’s definitely a thing.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>And so, the opaque nature of social media algorithms poses a challenge for businesses operating on social media. But being shadowbanned can actually be a symptom of a bigger problem that might be a result of either your own activity or a hack…</p><h2>How do accounts get shadowbanned?</h2>
<p>Accounts may get shadowbanned due to various reasons, including:</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><ul>
<li>Violating platform-specific community guidelines</li>
<li>Engaging in spam or posting excessive amounts of content</li>
<li>Using banned or flagged hashtags</li>
<li>Exhibiting automated or bot-like activity</li>
<li>Receiving a substantial number of user complaints or reports</li>
</ul>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>While keeping your social media apps clean and safe might sound simple, hackers can gain access to your social media channels and use them for a variety of malicious purposes.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>These might be spamming people with messages, being used to follow other <a href="https://hackernoon.com/a-true-story-about-fake-social-media-followers?ref=hackernoon.com" rel="ugc">spam accounts</a> (a popular way to artificially inflate followers and engagement), and even other activities such as the aforementioned social engineering or phishing.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>Of course, this can result in your account being shadowbanned without you even doing anything wrong.</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>If you do suspect that you have been impacted by shadowbanning, you can check using the Spikerz<a href="https://www.spikerz.com/calculator-shadow-ban?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc"> </a><underline><a href="https://www.spikerz.com/calculator-shadow-ban?ref=hackernoon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer ugc">shadow ban calculator</a></underline> to check your Instagram or TikTok accounts.</p><h2>How can you protect your business from social media cyber fraud?</h2>
<p>Taking social media cyber security seriously isn’t a luxury we can afford to take these days. Especially if you handle other people's data or process payments on your website or social media pages.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>So, when it comes to mitigating social media cyber fraud and protecting your company's digital assets, these are the best practices:</p><p class="line-space"> <br> </p><ol>
<li><strong>Educate Employees:</strong> Raise awareness of cybersecurity risks and provide training on identifying and handling social engineering attempts, phishing schemes, and malicious content.</li>
<li><strong>Implement Strong Password Practices:</strong> Encourage the use of unique and complex passwords for social media accounts and use multi-factor authentication where available.</li>
<li><strong>Monitor and Limit Access:</strong> Restrict social media account access to only the necessary personnel and regularly review permissions. Implement processes for revoking access upon employee termination.</li>
<li><strong>Secure Company Devices:</strong> Keep company computers and devices up-to-date with the latest security patches, antivirus software, and firewall protection.</li>
<li><strong>Establish Social Media Usage Policies:</strong> Create comprehensive guidelines outlining acceptable practices for employees using company social media accounts and debating online conduct, content sharing, and privacy settings.</li>
<li><strong>Be Vigilant in Connections:</strong> Authenticate the legitimacy of new followers and friend requests, and carefully review message content before engaging with unknown senders.</li>
<li><strong>Regularly Monitor Your Online Presence:</strong> Actively watch your company's social media presence, account activity, and engagement metrics. Be aware of any suspicious changes that may indicate compromised accounts or shadowbanning.</li>
</ol>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><h2>Summing up</h2>
<p>Social media cyber security doesn’t just affect your Instagram or TikTok accounts… It has a bigger and broader impact that can snowball and affect your business in more ways than you might first think.</p>
<p class="line-space"> <br> </p><p>From data loss or account hacking to the loss of your hard work building up social media accounts - being aware of the threats is the first step in preventing falling victim to cyber crimes.</p></div><div style="visibility:hidden" class="sc-1e366be2-7 kZfKay"><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M16 9h1v2h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1H9v1H8v1H7v1H6v1H0v-6h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1v-1h1V9h1V8h1V7h1V6h1V5h2v1h1v1h1v1h1v1zM22 4v2h-1v1h-1v1h-1v1h-1V8h-1V7h-1V6h-1V5h-1V4h-1V3h1V2h1V1h1V0h2v1h1v1h1v1h1v1h1z"></path></svg></button><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 3v2h-1v2h-1v1h-5V7h-2v1h-1v1H9v4h1v1h1v1h2v-1h5v1h1v2h1v2h-1v2h-1v1h-5v-1h-1v-2h-1v-2h-1v-1H9v-1H8v-1H7v1H2v-1H1v-2H0v-2h1V8h1V7h5v1h1V7h1V6h1V5h1V3h1V1h1V0h5v1h1v2h1z"></path></svg></button><button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 22" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M14 19v2h-1v1H1v-1H0V5h1V4h3v15h10z"></path><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 6v11h-1v1H6v-1H5V1h1V0h8v6h6z"></path><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 4v1h-5V0h1v1h1v1h1v1h1v1h1z"></path></svg></button><a style="margin-left:15px;color:white" href="#commentSection"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 19" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M21 6V4h-1V3h-1V2h-2V1h-3V0H8v1H5v1H3v1H2v1H1v2H0v6h1v2h1v2H1v1H0v2h5v-1h1v-1h2v1h6v-1h3v-1h2v-1h1v-1h1v-2h1V6h-1ZM6 13h1v-1h1v-2H6V5h4v8H9v1H6v-1Zm6 0h1v-1h1v-2h-2V5h4v8h-1v1h-3v-1Z"></path></svg></a><button style="margin-right:10px"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="22" style="width:18px;fill:white"><path style="width:18px;fill:white" d="M20 2v12h-1v1h-2v1h-6v-1H4v1H3v4H1V3H0V1h1V0h2v1h1v2H3v1h1V3h7v1h6V3h2V2h1z"></path></svg></button><div class="sc-1e366be2-8 cbbaIe"></div></div></div>

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